The distribution of alms and the washing of the feet on the Thursday of Holy Week are of great antiquity.  The Royal Maundy can be traced back in England with certainty to the twelfth century, and there are continuous records of the distribution having been made on Maundy Thursday from the reign of King Edward I.  The service derives its name from the Latin word 'mandatum' meaning a commandment, and its opening words are 'Jesus said: "I give you a new commandment".

From the fifteenth century the number of recipients has been related to the Sovereign's age. At one time recipients were required to be of the same gender as the Sovereign, but since the eighteenth century they have included men and women. Recipients are pensioners selected because of their service to the Church and their community.  The distribution is in two parts, the gifts which are handed to the recipients are symbolic and highly prized.

The red purse contains an allowance for clothing and provisions formerly given in kind and a payment for the redemption of the royal gown.  The white purse contains Maundy coinage; a quantity of silver pennies in denominations one-pence, two-pence, three-pence and four-pence, to as many pence as the Sovereign has years of age. Maundy coins are legal tender, and when the United Kingdom changed to decimal currency in 1971, the face value of a set of four coins became 10 new pence, instead of 10d (pence) in the £sd system (£=pounds, s=shillings, d=pence).  

The Six Alms Dishes, used for the distribution of the coins, date from the reign of King Charles II.  The traditional Maundy Dish is part of the Regalia, and bears the cypher of William and Mary.  A pair of Dishes known as the Fish Dishes, one seawater the other freshwater, were once part of the Chapel Royal Plate.  The Fish Dishes were first used in a Maundy service at Tewkesbury in 1971.  The fourth dish was first used at Bristol in 1999 and has a crowned rose in the centre and a wide border within a flower and leafage motif, a horse, a bull, a boar and a stag.  The fifth dish, used for the first time at Canterbury Cathedral in 2002, has a central sun motif, engraved with the Royal Stuart Arms in garter motto with Prince's coronet at the top.  The sixth dish, used for the first time at Guildford in 2006, comes from The Royal Collection and is by John Bodington and engraved I.H.S.

The four children of Royal Almonry are today selected from schools within the City where the Maundy Service is being held.  They represent men who used to attend the Chapels Royal in earlier centuries to assist in the feet washing ceremony.  In 2008 the children were selected from a Church of Ireland School, a Roman Catholic School, an Intergrated School and a Controlled School all within the City of Armagh.  

The Chapel Royal Choir which takes part in the Service has a notable musical history and remains a distinctive part of the Royal establishment. It sang at Agincourt and was present at The Field of the Cloth of Gold indicating the place it took in the Royal entourage.

Though the act of washing the feet seems to have been discontinued about 1730, the Lord High Almoner and his assistants are still girded with linen towels in remembrance, and carry the traditional nosegays of sweet herbs.  Some of the linen worn in the Service has been used annually since 1883, with new towels which were made in 1993 and 2003.  

The Queen's Body Guard of the Yeomen of the Guard (the "Indoor Guard") plays an important part in the Maundy Service, ceremonially protecting the Royal Body and guarding the Maundy monies.  They carry the solid-silver, gold-plated dishes above their heads.  The Alms Dishes are heavy but when laden with the Maundy coinage they become uncomfortably so. Several weeks of upper body training are carried out by each Yeoman Guard so that the embarrassment of dropping one of these priceless dishes was lessened.  However, since 2017 the plates have been carried at waist height because the weight of the Alms Money inself and carrying the plates on their edges above the head was considered an unnecessary risk of damage. In 2019 there were six plates used to carry the 372 purses Alms Money. This equates to the age of our Queen in 2019 (93) presenting one red and one white leather purse each to 93 men and 93 women.  In 2020 the Royal Maundy Service was cancelled due to Covid-19.

In earlier times the Ceremony was observed wherever the Sovereign was in residence.  For many years the Maundy Gifts were distributed in the old Chapel Royal (now the Banqueting Hall) in Whitehall, but from 1890-1952 the Service was held at Westminster Abbey. During the reign of Queen Elizabth II the service was held at Westminster Abbey on fourteen occasions, 2011 was the fifteenth. In the intervening years it has been held at the Cathedrals listed below:

Write-up edited from the Order of Service St Patrick's Church of Ireland Cathedral Armagh 20 March 2008.